Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Control Protocol Model - TCP/IP Model

 

  What do you mean by TCP/IP Model ? 

   Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol or TCP/IP Model is the

   newest layer developed and designed by Department of Defense in 1960

   for data communication between a network.  Majority of the Internet

   uses this protocol suite for sending and receiving message globally.

   Basically this Model is Composed of four layers which are as follows:

    1. Application Layer

    2. Transport Layer

    3. Internet layer

    4. Link Layer.

   we can summarize the diffrence between  OSI Model and TCP/IP model

   with a short diagram given below:

 

 

 

 

   Let us see the layers of TCP/IP in detail:

   1. Application Layer:This layer is the combination of Application, Presentation

       and Session Layer of the OSI Model. This layer allows users to Interact with

       the user. This layer is responsible for node to node communicaion in the

       network.

       The Protocols which are used in this layer are as follows:

         1. HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol

         2. HTTPS -Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Service

         3.SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

         4. DNS: Domain Name System

         5. Telnet

2.Transport Layer: This layer functioning is similar to the working of the Transport

  layer of the OSI Model. This layer is also known as Host to Host layer as this

  layer is responsible for end to end delivery of data packets from sender to the 

 receiver without a single error.Basically two protocols are used in this layer

 which are given as follows:

  1. UDP - User Datagram Protocol(Connection less Protocol) 

  2. TCP - Transmission Control Protocol(Connection Oriented Protocol)

3. Internet Layer: This layer is similar to the functioning of Network layer

    of the OSI Model.This  layer is responsible for IP Addressing,Host to Host

    communication,Data Encapsulation and Routing.The Protocols which are

    used in this layer are as follows:

      1.IP- Internet Protocol

     2. ARP - Address Resolution Protocol

     3. ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol

 

4.  Network Access Protocol: This layer is the combination of the Data Link Layer

    and Physical layer of the OSI Model.This layer is responsible for transmission

    of data in a network between same network, It basically determines how the data 

    should be sent Physically over  a network.The protocols which are used in this

   network are as follows:

    1. Ethernet

    2. Token Ring

    3. FDDI